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Abbey Road Studios (formerly known as EMI Studios) is a recording studio located at 3 Abbey Road, St John's Wood, City of Westminster, London, England. It was established in November 1931 by the Gramophone Company, a predecessor of British music company EMI, which owned it until 2012, when Universal Music took control of part of EMI. Abbey Road Studios is most notable as being the venue in the 1960s for innovative recording techniques adopted by the Beatles, Pink Floyd, the Hollies, Badfinger, and others. One of its earliest world famous artist clients was Paul Robeson, who recorded in December 1931 and went on to record many of his best known songs there. Towards the end of 2009, the studio came under threat of sale to property developers. However, the British Government protected the site, granting it English Heritage Grade II listed status in 2010, thereby preserving the building from any major alterations. ==History== Originally a nine-bedroom Georgian townhouse built in the 1830s on the footpath leading to Kilburn Abbey, the building was later converted to flats where the most flamboyant resident was Maundy Gregory. The premises were acquired by the Gramophone Company in 1931 and converted into studios. Pathé filmed the opening of the studios, when Sir Edward Elgar conducted the London Symphony Orchestra in recording sessions of his music.〔("Recording the Star Wars Saga" ) Retrieved 2012-08-04.〕〔(Sir Edward Elgar, 1931 "Land of hope & glory" ) (THE MASTER OF THE KING'S MUSIC )〕 In 1934, inventor of stereo sound, Alan Blumlein, recorded Mozart's ''Jupiter Symphony'' conducted by Sir Thomas Beecham at the studios.〔("Early stereo recordings restored" ). BBC. Retrieved 9 January 2015〕 The neighbouring house is also owned by the studio and used to house musicians. During the mid-20th century the studio was extensively used by leading British conductor Sir Malcolm Sargent, whose house was just around the corner from the studio building.〔Discography in ''Sir Malcolm Sargent: a Tribute''.〕 It was not until 1970 that the name Abbey Road Studios became official. The Gramophone Company amalgamated with Columbia Graphophone Company to form EMI, which took over the studios and dubbed them EMI Studios. It was under this name that in 1936 cellist Pablo Casals became the first to record Johann Sebastian Bach's Cello Suites No. 1 & 2 at the behest of EMI head Fred Gaisberg. The recordings went on to spur a revolution among Bach aficionados and cellists alike.〔 (Grove edition (2011) at GoogleBooks )〕 Studio Two at Abbey Road became a centre for rock and roll music in 1958 when Cliff Richard and the Drifters (later Cliff Richard and The Shadows) recorded "Move It" there, and later for pop music as well. Abbey Road Studios is most closely associated with the Beatles, who recorded almost all of their albums and singles there between 1962 and 1970 using the four-track REDD mixing console designed by Peter K. Burkowitz.〔(Peter Karl Burkowitz 1920-2012 ) Obituary by the AES〕 The Beatles named their 1969 album ''Abbey Road'', after the street where the studio is located (the recording studio was named Abbey Road after the Beatles record in 1970). The cover photograph for that album was taken by Iain Macmillan outside the studios, with the result that the zebra crossing outside the studio has become a place of pilgrimage for Beatles fans from all over the world. It has been a long-standing tradition for visitors to pay homage to the band by writing on the wall in front of the building, although it is painted over every three months. In December 2010 the zebra crossing at Abbey Road was given a Grade II listed status. Pink Floyd recorded most of their late 1960s to mid-1970s albums here, returning only in 1988 for mixing and overdubbing subsequent albums. The Shadows named their ''Live at Abbey Road'' album after the studio, with the cover spoofing the Beatles' album. Notable producers and sound engineers who have worked at Abbey Road include Sir George Martin, Geoff Emerick, Norman "Hurricane" Smith, Ken Scott, Mike Stone, Alan Parsons, Peter Vince, Malcolm Addey, Peter Brown, Richard Langham, Phil McDonald, John Kurlander, Richard Lush and Ken Townsend, who invented the groundbreaking studio effect known as automatic double tracking (ADT). The chief mastering engineer at Abbey Road was Chris "Vinyl" Blair, who started his career early on as a tape deck operator. In 1979, EMI commissioned the British jazz fusion band Morrissey-Mullen to record Britain's first digitally recorded single record at Abbey Road Studios.〔(''Gramophone'' AUDIO NEWS: "EMI digital recording" July 1979 ). Retrieved 19 August 2010. 〕〔("EMI Enters Digital Race with System", 26 May 1979 ) ''Billboard''. At Google Books. Retrieved 23 April 2013.〕 From 18 July to 11 September 1983, the public had a rare opportunity to see inside the legendary Studio Two where The Beatles made most of their records. While a new mixing console was being installed in the control room, the studio was used to host a video presentation called "The Beatles at Abbey Road". The soundtrack to the video contained a number of recordings that were not made commercially available until ''The Beatles Anthology'' project over a decade later.〔''The Beatles Book'' July & August 1983.〕 The Red Hot Chili Peppers included a photograph of the band walking across the zebra crossing naked, except for socks, on the front of ''The Abbey Road E.P.'', which was released in 1988. In June 2011, South Korean boy band Shinee performed at the studio as part of its Japanese debut showcase in partnership with EMI and the group's local record label SM Entertainment, becoming the first-ever Asian artist to perform in the studio. In November of the same year, Australian recording artist Kylie Minogue recorded some of her most famous songs with a full orchestra at Abbey Road Studios. The album called ''The Abbey Road Sessions'' was released in October 2012. In September 2012, with the takeover of EMI, the studio became the property of Universal Music. It was ''not'' one of the entities that was sold to Warner Music as part of Parlophone. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Abbey Road Studios」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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